An Idealized Model in Physics

An Idealized Model in Physics I once heard an acronym for the best pieces of physics advice I ever got: Keep It Simple, Stupid (KISS). In physics, we are typically dealing with a system that is, in reality, very complex. For an example, lets consider one of the easiest physical systems to analyze: throwing a ball. Idealized Model of Throwing a Tennis Ball You throw a tennis ball into the air and it comes back, and you want to analyze its motion. How complex is this? The ball isnt perfectly round, for one thing; it has that weird fuzzy stuff on it. How does that affect its motion? How windy is it? Did you put a little bit of spin on the ball when you threw it? Almost certainly. All of these things can have an impact on the motion of the ball through the air. And those are the obvious ones! As it goes up, its weight actually changes slightly, based on its distance from the center of the Earth. And the Earth is rotating, so perhaps that will have some bearing on the relative motion of the ball. If the Suns out, then theres light hitting the ball, which may have energy repercussions. Both the Sun and the Moon have gravitational effects on the tennis ball, so should those be taken into account? What about Venus? We quickly see this spiraling out of control. Theres just too much going on in the world for me to figure out how all of it impacts on me throwing the tennis ball? What can we do? Use in Physics In physics, a model (or idealized model) is a simplified version of the physical system that strips away the unnecessary aspects of the situation. One thing that we dont typically worry about is the physical size of the object, nor really its structure. In the tennis ball example, we treat it as a simple point object and ignore the fuzziness. Unless its something were specifically interested in, well also ignore the fact that its spinning. Air resistance is frequently ignored, as is wind. The gravity influences of the Sun, Moon, and other heavenly bodies are ignored, as is the impact of light on the surface of the ball. Once all of these unnecessary distractions are stripped away, you can then begin focusing on the exact qualities of the situation that youre interested in examining. To analyze the motion of a tennis ball, that would typically be the displacements, velocities, and gravity forces involved. Using Care With Idealized Models The most important thing in working with an idealized model is to make sure that the things youre stripping away are things that are not necessary for your analysis. The features that are necessary will be determined by the hypothesis that youre considering.   If youre studying angular momentum, the spin of an object is essential; if youre studying 2-dimensional kinematics, it may be able to ignore it. If youre throwing a tennis ball from an airplane at high altitude, you may want to take into account wind resistance, to see if the ball hits a terminal velocity and stops accelerating. Alternately, you may want to analyze the variability of gravity in such a situation, depending on the level of precision you need. When creating an idealized model, make sure that the things youre eliminating are traits that you actually want to eliminate from your model. Carelessly ignoring an important element isnt a model; its a mistake. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

5 Tips for Improving Reading Comprehension

5 Tips for Improving Reading Comprehension The idea that you either read for pleasure or for learning is misleading. It is, of course, possible to do both. Still, you shouldnt necessarily approach academic reading the same way you approach a beach read. In order to read and comprehend a book or article for school, you need to be much more intentional and strategic. Understand Genres and Themes In most reading tests, the student is asked to read a passage and predict what might happen next. Prediction is a common reading comprehension strategy. The purpose of this strategy is to make sure you’re able to infer information from the clues in the text. Here’s a passage to clarify this point: Clara gripped the handle of the heavy glass pitcher and lifted it from the refrigerator shelf. She didn’t understand why her mother thought she was too young to pour her own juice. As she backed away carefully, the rubber seal of the refrigerator door caught the lip of the glass pitcher, which caused the slippery handle to slip from her hand. As she watched the pitcher crash into a thousand pieces, she saw the figure of her mother appear in the kitchen doorway. What do you think will happen next? We could infer that Clara’s mother reacts angrily, or we might guess that the mother bursts into laughter. Either answer would be sufficient since we have so little information to go on. But if I told you that this passage was an excerpt from a thriller, that fact might impact your answer. Similarly, if I told you this passage came from a comedy, youd make a very different prediction. It is important to know something about the type of text youre reading, whether it is a nonfiction or a work of fiction. Understanding the genre of a book helps you make predictions about the action- which helps you comprehend it. Read With Tools Any time you read for the sake of learning, you should be reading actively.  To do this, youll need some extra tools. For example, you can use a pencil to make annotations in the margins of your text without doing any permanent damage to the book. Another good tool for active reading is a pack of sticky notes. Use your notes to jot down thoughts, impressions, predictions, and questions as you read. A highlighter, on the other hand, is usually not as effective. Highlighting is a relatively passive act when compared to note-taking even though it may seem like you are engaging with the text by highlighting it. However, highlighting during a first read can be a good way to mark  passages that you want to revisit. But if a passage impresses you enough to highlight it, you should always indicate  why it impresses you, whether on the first or second read.   Develop New Vocabulary   Its a no-brainer that you should take the time to look up new and unfamiliar words as you read. But its important to make a log book of those new words, and revisit them long after youve finished reading that book. The more we study a subject, the more it sinks in. Be sure to keep a log book of new words and visit it often. Analyze the Title (And Subtitles) The title is often the last thing to be adjusted once a writer has finished writing. Therefore, it may be a good idea to consider the title as a final step after reading.   A writer will labor hard and long on an article or book, and often the writer uses many of the same strategies that a good reader uses. Writers edit the text and identify themes, make predictions, and annotate.   Many writers are surprised by the twists and turns that come from the creative process.   Once a text is completed, the writer may reflect on the true message or purpose as a final step and come up with a new title. This means you can use the title as a clue to help you understand the message or purpose of your text, after youve had some time to soak it all in.

Economic topic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Economic topic - Assignment Example This paper, therefore, explains the empirical evidence on different roles played by the history and geography on the international finance and how they are inter-connected in improving the investors desires in the market. Over the recent years, geography has been seen as the growing interests of the international finance, particularly, on the studies of using the gravity models. The models were being used to determine the direction of the cross border financial flows and stocks. Using this approach, the bilateral trade in assets is deemed to increase depending with the size of the country and also decline with information asymmetries and transaction costs. This is because they are being captured by geographical distance and the variables relating to it (Portes and Rey, 2005). Furthermore, there has been a lot of empirical work on the gravity but has taken place without a theoretical foundation which can stand firm on the matter of financial holdings for cross-border. Anderson and van Wincoop (2003) gave an analysis that the estimated gravity equations which are not being founded in economic theory can result to biased estimations since some variables are omitted. It also leads to comparatives with an incorrect static analysis which doesn’t consider the general equilibrium effects of changing the cross border barriers. Different sources of literature such as Clemens and Williamson (2004) highlight the important trend and progress of the financial globalization since 1990s although it has not analyzed the historical forces which have influenced the international investment for a longer period of time. The existing literature also doesn’t highlight the applicability and generality over time of the emphasized factors on the standard framework. These shortcomings aroused the interests of writing this paper in order to be addressed accordingly. The paper gives a clear discussion on the issue by estimating the gravity model the international investment u sing an example of information on Us investors’ holdings. The history an effect is being tested through the past holdings influenced the current holdings (Eichengreen and Irwin, 1998). The aspect on how the past investment influences the current investment is through the fixed costs. The empirical evidence and literature theories have shown the permanent impacts on trade patterns as a result of mart penetration. This is due to the fixed costs incurred by firms when entering into the new market which they can’t get when exiting the same market (Dixit, 1989). The passing shocks of literatures can be cumulated to impact a more powerful still which can lead firms to penetrating the market and have the ability to learn more about the market in question thereby, have the advantage of having the initial information of the market. This helps many organizations to analyze the conditions of the current market with the information contained of the past before deciding on which st rategy to be used in penetrating the larger market. In simple terms, the historical theories and literature helps many companies to be prepares on the impacts as many firms have been penetrated in the past. As it is currently penetrating, hence, there

HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

HRM - Essay Example Though there is not universal solution to the problem of cultural differences in ethical concepts, it is recommended that certain elements of both ethical absolutism and ethical relativism approaches, as well as the principle of considering the context of each particular situation should be the basis of the code of ethics and of IHRM decision-making processes. Introduction The HR system of any organization has to perform a complex set of interrelated and interdependent tasks that ensure effective functioning of the organization. Among the roles of HR departments are, according to Mote (2011), â€Å"planning, implementing, and managing recruitment, as well as selection, training, career and organizational development initiatives within an organization.† Furthermore, HR management involves aligning the goals and needs of an employer with those of the employees so that the parties cooperate with the same objectives and goals in mind. These tasks become even more complicated in re lation to international HRM, since in this case the organization has to also take into consideration peculiarities of working in multiple locations and in different cultures. On this matter John R. Deckop and John Raymond Deckop outline that these days human resource management and development are becoming â€Å"an integral part of national initiatives to develop competitive workforces† (Deckop and Deckop 2006, 91) in the countries the company operates in. Furthermore, HRM also involves dealing with ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to identify and analyze some of the major IHRM challenges an MNC may face operating worldwide. In particular, such issues as core human values, local cultures and decision-making context in international environment will be analyzed form the perspective of corporate and human ethics. These specific areas of international business have been chosen for deeper analysis since they appear to be some of the most critical for development and success of company’s operations overseas. Furthermore, in the international context ethics, according to Donaldson, means following the three basic principles for international ethics: Respect of core human values, Respect for local traditions, Believing that context matters when determining the right and the wrong (Donaldson 1996). In addition, the key principles and advantages of effective CSR practices will be outlined with the purpose of clarifying the role of CSR in corporate culture and operations, as well as determining the financial benefits of completing well-designed CSR initiatives. Findings MNC’s Operations: Exploitation or Cooperation? Multinational corporations, being large and influential organizations, attract much attention of governments, local authorities, interest groups and other representatives of the communities they operate in. This is especially true in relation to the ethical concepts an orga nization brings into the society, and employment-related practices in particular (Briscoe, Schuler and Claus 2008,136). Briscoe, Schuler and Claus (2008, 136) mention that, while companies entering foreign markets claim bringing great advantages to the county, in reality

Individual and society Essay Example for Free

Individual and society Essay Many of Millers plays are based on real life experiences. In A View form the Bridge many stories and experiences were put together to create this piece. The main story is of an Italian-American called Eddie Carbone who works on the waterfront as a longshoreman to support his wife, Beatrice, and their niece, Catherine. When Beatrices cousins from Italy, Rodolpho and Marco, illegally migrate from Italy to America Eddie welcomes them with open arms. Catherine soon falls in love with Rodolpho but Eddie has feelings for his niece that he finds hard to admit to. Eddie subsequently creates the idea that Rodolpho is homosexual and, in his eyes, not right for Catherine. Red Hook, a slum area of Brooklyn, New York, at this time was a very close-knit community and often the Sicilian family ethics would still permeate through the generations of the new Americans. Eddie tells the story of the boy who was thrown out of his home and never seen again, regarding it as a moral story with a suitable ending because he had told the immigration officers about his immigrant Uncle. Eddies decline and fall is due to his own actions, and so the consequences are his responsibility. Even worse Eddie knows the dangers when he says you can quicker get back a million dollars that was stole than a word that you gave away. Laws enforced by the people also uphold this Sicilian society; it is not the law of the establishment but the law of Sicilian values upheld by its citizens. Alfieri is aware and is part of both types of law, he is aware of the limitations to both laws and the consequences of someone going outside either law. We settle for half is a key quotation from Alfieri in this play. It shows a way to avoid a conflict between society and the individual. Eddie has relied his whole life on his moral code which he breaks when he realises he can no longer have Catherine and the code. Eddie is, however, to proud to compromise although he has an abundance of chances to do so. Eddie has relied his whole life on his moral code which he breaks when he realises he can no longer have Catherine and the code.  Eddie is punished for his individuality by society, the fight at the end is much like a pagan ritual devised to discern truth by divine intervention, the crowd circles the two opponents as the accuser and defender fight, the winner will either reclaim his honour or destroy his opponents. Such rituals are have said to take place in ancient Briton and Greece. Eddie lives in a society where there is a strange type of feudal system; there are mafia dons on top mafia underlings in the middle and longshoremen at the very bottom. It immediately suggests to me that the kiss bestowed upon Rodolpho may have connections with the Mafia as a kiss of death. By reporting Rodolpho to the immigration authorities Eddie has effectively signed his own and Rodolphos death warrants. We can relate Eddie to the conventions of the Mafia because of his background as he himself is an Italian-American and by reporting Rodolpho he is effectively denying another what was given to his parents. This play is set in the nineteen-fifties when Gang warfare was rife in which the Mafia played a large part, shown in the very beginning of the play where Eddie explains that Rodolpho and Marco will be given jobs everyday until they pay them off. Eddie is a longshoreman, he is worthless to his society because there are hundreds like him, and he works in a place where you work when you are lucky enough to be picked for work. Miller experienced this corruption of the American dream first hand. It is the Sicilian society that allows the lowest man to survive because of the camaraderie between neighbours. Millers use of an unusual stage direction is important [They are like animals that have torn at one another and broken up without decision, each waiting for the others mood.]. The animalistic language is important in that it keeps referring to beasts and to primitive and animal behaviour shown near the end of the play: Rodolphos metaphor of the bird; the simile in the stage directions of the two beasts; and Eddie By rights they oughta to throw you back into the water. It shows the animalistic nature of the society both characters are a part of. When Marco kills Eddie it as if he has won the battle and much like in a pack of lions the dominant male now owns the females. This simile helps us to imagine this scene, highlighting it as the characters turn from men to beasts. This story was built upon a tale Miller heard while working as a longshoreman in Red Hook (where the play is actually set), some say that Elia Kazan is represented in the play by Eddie, the character that we can understand but still reject. Miller criticised Elia Kazan for naming names during the McCarthy trials (or as they were nicknamed the McCarthy Witch hunts) but at the same time understood his dilemma. Elia Kazan was given an option and if he didnt name names then he would never direct films again. Kazan was not only criticised by Miller but by many people who branded him a coward and scoundrel although he claimed he was doing it out of his own true self. Like Kazan, Eddie does what he believes is right creating a conflict between society and himself.

Isaac Newton :: Essays Papers

Sir Isaac Newton developed calculus, natural forces, and optics. Newton was born on Christmas Day in 1642. His father had died before he was born, but he was still given his father's name (Westfall 17). Isaac stayed with his grandparents when his mother went to live with her second husband. While living with his grandparents he attended day school nearby (Westfall 17). After his grandmother died and Newton was seventeen, his mother took him out of school and brought him back to the family farm. She tried to teach him how to run the farm and manage the estate; this was a failure. In all of his spare time he returned to inventing and building machines. Newton's uncle and old schoolmaster saw that he was in the wrong trade and urged his mother to prepare him to attend the University. His uncle's efforts paid off; in 1660 he returned to Grantham to finish grammar school and prepare for the university. In June of 1661 Newton entered Trinity College, Cambridge (Westfall 17). At Cambridge Newton studied mathematics. This is when Newton first started to make many discoveries. He made most of his important discoveries there: pure mathematics, theory of gravitation, and optics, all before he even graduated college. Newton made contributions to all branches of mathematics. Modern study of aerodynamics and the science of hydrodynamics would be impossible without the principles of the calculus. Newton wrote Philosophiae Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), which is usually known by the last two words. "In the book Newton codified Galileo's findings into the three laws of motion." (Wilson online). Newton formulated three laws of motion, and resulting from them the law of universal gravitation. His laws of motion are the natural laws of mechanics. Newton's three laws of motion are: 1. The law of Inertia- an object at rest tends to stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. 2. 2nd Law- an unbalanced force applied to an object will result in the acceleration if the object. There was an equation that went along with this law which is F=ma.

Edward Said

In any part in the world, there is no place to be but home. Home is a place where we feel safe and take refuge. But how we will feel if this is taken from us? The essay by Edward Said, â€Å"States,† narrates the story of about his country, Palestine, and the struggle of his countrymen. He also shares the passion of his homeland which we can relate to. â€Å"States† exemplify the experiences and perceptions of how important a home is to a common Palestinian. Our country is a big part of who we are. As we are born, we are destined to become a part of it. It becomes part of our identity. Things that we grew up with meant something to us. We usually treasure things that became part of our lives. Even unconsciously, we take hold of it. Home brings us memories, memories that we want to hold on up to our last breath. It plays a big role to our development, as a child and as a person fully. Home is part of ourselves which became a foundation of we are today. To be away from home makes us feel empty or incomplete in a sense. This is experience by people who are exiled from their own homeland. Exiles are treated as aliens and feel shame to one’s pride. As Said explains â€Å"exile is a series of portraits without names, without context. † (Said,555). Exile is a miserable thing. Nothing can be so embarrassing than to be taken away from home. It saddens a person to feel a stranger to his own country. One is not only deprived of the social rights but as well as the freedom. As described in the essay of Edward Said an exile is referred as â€Å"present absentees† where to their homeland, they are vanished and as for the host country they are viewed as aliens.

Pioneers, oh pioneers

How does the setting underline the main conflict and the meaning for characterization? Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Setting 2 2. 1 Dominica 3 2. 2 Dr Cox's house 4 2. 3 Ramage's house 5 2. 4 Comparison Imperial Road and Market Street 7 3. Conclusion 8 4. Bibliography 10 5. Honesty Statement 11 This seminar paper analyses the different functions of the setting in Jean Rhys's short story â€Å"Pioneers, Oh, Pioneers. † The author Jean Rhys was born in 1890 and brought up in Roseau, Dominica (Rhys 1981: 10).Her father was Welsh and her mother Creole (Rhys 1981 :6), so she grew up etween two worlds. Savory underlines that this is manifested in her divided attitude towards cultural identities (1998: 35). Rhys was an author of novels, short stories and an autobiographical fragment which is called â€Å"Smile Please†. But not only this book is autobiographical. Jean Rhys had almost always some autobiographical aspects in her stories. To her friend David Plante, who lat er became the ghostwriter of her autobiography, she said: â€Å"l can't make things up, I can't invent.I have no imagination. I can't invent character. I don't think I know what character is. I Just write about what happened† (1983: 52). In â€Å"Pioneers, Oh Pioneers†, which was originally published under the name â€Å"Dear Darling Mr Ramage† in The Times and later became a part of the story collection â€Å"Sleep It Off Lady' (Rhys 1976), the reader will also find some autobiographical aspects. The female child protagonist Rosalie is â€Å"aged 9† (Rhys 1970: 12)1 and â€Å"her father is the local doctor† (Hooper 2005:122).In 1899 Rhys was the same age and her father also had â€Å"decided to become a doctor† (Rhys 1981 : 68). Malcolm and Malcolm point out that Ramage â€Å"is neither white nor black† Just like Jean Rhys was. In her family she was the one with the palest skin (Rhys 1981). Do you consider yourself a West Indian? â €  She shrugged. â€Å"It was such a long time ago when I left. † â€Å"So you don't think of yourself as a West Indian writer? † Again, she shrugged, but said nothing. â€Å"What about English? Do you consider yourself an English writer? † â€Å"No! I'm not! I'm not!I'm not even English (Plante 1983:44). Jean Rhys seemed nowhere to be fit. To come to terms with this experiences, Rhys uses the character Mr Ramage in â€Å"Pioneer, Oh, Pioneers†. She adopts his eccentricity, but apart from that, she â€Å"gives im a rather different story' (Hooper 2005: 122). All references from the short story are from: Rhys, Jean. â€Å"Pioneers, Oh, Pioneers. † Sleep it Off Lady. London: Penguin Books, 1979, 11-21. The following analysis will start with a short definition of the term setting and a closer investigation of the general setting in the short story.Furthermore, this seminar paper is aimed to show the link between nature and the emotional state of the main character Mr Ramage. Besides, the main issue of the story, namely the cultural clash between the black and the white insulars, will be analyzed. To get a general nderstanding of the main topic of this seminar paper, namely the setting of the short story â€Å"Pioneers, Oh, Pioneers†, the definition of Michael J. Toolan is to be considered. He points out that â€Å"We like, in our reading of narratives, to know where we are, and look for clear spatiotemporal indications of Just where and when a thing happened. (1988: 102). In answer to the question of the point in time during which the action of the plot takes place, the reader finds out that â€Å"It was still the nineteenth century, November 1899†³ (11). According to Malcolm and Malcolm this date indicates he inability of Ramage to fit in the community of the island population. It symbolizes the situation of Ramage being caught between two cultures (1996: 85). He is neither Creole, nor a proper English man, b ecause he is trying more and more to disassociate himself from England, for example by marrying Isla. Her given name, Isla, the Spanish for Island, may suggest that Ramage has embraced the island itself† (Hooper 2005: 124). The date 1899 also implies that the action occurs at the time of colonialism. To have an overview of the history of the society living there at that time, the reader may onsider that the West Indies were discovered as a place where tobacco and sugar grew very well and one might earn money by planting there and shipping the goods apart. For this reason thousands of people from Africa were departed to the West Indies to work there as slaves.Although in 1899 slavery was already abolished, racial segregation was still present. â€Å"[T]he majority of Dominica's population is of African descent, mainly speaking French Creole and of the Catholic faith. † (Savory 2009: 2) but the minority of white people, mostly from Europe, who believed in the Anglican Chu rch, was still the dominating class. They urged the black people to adapt to their culture and rules (Smith 1974: 5-6). Besides telling the reader that the story is set in the time of colonialism, the date fulfils another function.November 1899 is the turning point between two seasons, two years and two centuries. As Malcolm and Malcolm point out it â€Å"adds to the sense of uncertainty and displacement† (1996: 85). The question of where the action takes place is more difficult to answer, but it will be discussed in the chapter â€Å"Dominica† of the seminar paper. Particular places of action re â€Å"Spanish Castle†, the â€Å"yellow- hot Market Street† (1 1), â€Å"the Imperial Road† (14fO and Cox's house. In the following chapters, those places will be analyzed in more detail. 2. Dominica Dominica plays an important role in the analysis of the setting, since it is probably the place where the entire plot takes place and it is furthermore the is land that accommodates the most important houses such as Ramage's Spanish Castle or Dr Cox's house. â€Å"Dominica is part of the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean Sea, in a strip of islands known as the West Indies. It is situated between the French islands of Guadeloupe to he North and Martinique to the South. † (Kamyab 2009: 3). Other islands of the Lesser Antilles are Barbados and Trinidad (Brockhaus Weltatlas 1993: 255). arries Isla Harrington and at the end his wife is said to have stayed with relatives from Guadeloupe. As all these islands are directly mentioned, the reader can conclude that the location where the action takes place is a Caribbean island as well. Savory points out that Rosalie and Irene are â€Å"clearly in Roseau, Dominica in 1899† (2009:100). One fact which proves that Savory's statement is very likely to be true is the reoccurring motive of the â€Å"Imperial Road†. Along this new Imperial Road† (13) Ramage looks for a place to li ve. He finds his new home, a mansion called â€Å"Spanish Castle†.Another fact that may lead to the impression that Dominica is the place where the action takes place, is the â€Å"West Indian newspaper† (Rhys 1976: 12) which is mentioned in â€Å"Pioneers, Oh, Pioneers†: â€Å"the Dominica Herald and Leeward Islands Gazette†. First of all, the newspaper is named after Dominica, therefore the reader may conclude that this is the place where the story occurs. Furthermore, an article published in this fictional newspaper mentions the Imperial Road and defines ts idea as made â€Å"to attract young Englishmen with capital who would buy and develop properties in the interior† (19).The real Imperial Road had a similar concept. The administrator of Dominica at the period from 1899 to 1905, Henry Hesketh Bell, developed the idea of this concept. Bell was a fine publicist and attracted a number of new venturers on Crown Lands opened up by the Imperial Road , thirty on his own estimation, who together had invested about E40,OOO by the end of 1904 (Bell Papers (12. x. 1904)). In September 1900, while on leave in London, Bell wrote a long letter to The Times nder the title â€Å"Planting in Dominica,† extolling the virtues of the island and seeking young men.He received many replies, three planters returning with him to Dominica later that year (Hulme 2000:29). The house of the Cox family is described as one room which is: â€Å"C†¦ ] full of rockingchairs, a mahogany table, palm leafs fans, a tigerskin rug, family photographs, views of Bettws-y-Coed and a large picture of wounded soldiers in the snow, Napoleon's Retreat from MOSCOW' (Rhys 1979: 12). Furthermore, the fact that the two girls had to â€Å"go upstairs to bed† (13) leads to the conclusion that this house is not a simple one in the Caribbean.The financial situation of the Cox's is never directly mentioned in the text, but looking at the fact that they life in a house where, for example, timber-made chairs, belong to the furniture, the reader can come to the conclusion that the Cox's are a family that is well off. Here Rhys uses the setting to promote an â€Å"indirect characterization† (Toolan 1988: 104). To give some information about Dr Cox's character, a description of his desktop is used. â€Å"The Times weekly edition, the Cornhill Magazine, the Lancet and a West Indian newspaper, the Dominican Herald and Leeward Islands Gazette†(12), are to be found there.This indicates that Dr Cox is a man of vast reading and therefore well-educated. Objects like this â€Å"handled or props are two pictures. The first one is a picture of Bettws-y-Coed, this tells the reader that the Cox's have a British origin (http://www. betws-y-coed. com 2013). The second one with the historical Napoleonic background, implies that they are a family which is interested in culture and history. The house of the Cox family is situated near the ce ntre of the city, close to the Market Street, which is part of Irene's and Rosalie's way back home (11).The description of Dr Cox â€Å"sitting in an armchair with a hree- legged table by his side. On the table there were his pipe[†¦ ]. Also a Times weekly edition He was not to be spoken to (12) has also a biographical aspect. The place where Rhys's father used to sit is described in a similar way: a round table with a green- shaded reading lamp, the latest Times weekly edition a fortnight old, his pipe rack, and a large armchair where he sat reading and we weren't allowed to disturb him or speak to him (Rhys 1981: 68 f. ).Ramage's home is the place where the function of the setting, namely to underline the character traits, is most recognizable. Rhys focuses on â€Å"male exploitation of women, on women's resistance to and collusion with that exploitation, on marginalizes exiled fgures from the Third world, on class antagonisms and conflicts† (Malcolm ; Malcolm 1996: 1 1). But in â€Å"Pioneers, Oh, Pioneers† the protagonist is a â€Å"male outsider† (Malcolm ; Malcolm 1996: 82). The character Ramage is also not completely invented. The real Ramage was a well-known fgure in Dominica.His attempt to dig a hole to reach China stands in parody of Chamberlain and Bell's modernizing efforts: much digging to no ultimate purpose, and with moral laxity, madness, and death Hulme 2000: 10) The main intention of the fictional Ramage in â€Å"Pioneers, Oh, Pioneers† is to find peace: â€Å"Peace, that's what I am after. † (14) but the only way to find it is: † to pay for it' You'll be very much alone. † (14). But this does not bother Ramage much. He prefers being alone and is considered to be â€Å"very unsociable† (12). He does not follow any â€Å"invitations to dances, tennis parties and moonlight picnics† (1 2f).Furthermore he does not seem to be interested in religion very much, for he never goes to ch urch (13). The setting of the Imperial Road underlines this antisocial attitude. Only made â€Å"to attract young Englishmen† the Imperial Road is a very isolated place to live at. The closes neighbor of Ramage is the owner of Twickenham, Mr Eliot (14). In the beginning, Ramage appeals to the inhabitants of Dominica, whether they are black or white. He is â€Å"followed about by an admiring crowd of little Negro boys† (12) and regarded as â€Å"a gentleman† (12) by Miss Lambton. â€Å"Ramage appears made to fit in. † (Malcolm & Malcolm 1996: 88).It is conspicuous that Rhys uses the setting to create a link between the outward appearance of Ramage and the one of his house, the â€Å"Spanish Castle†. At the when it came to looks â€Å"(12), wearing his â€Å"tropical kit, white suit, red cummerbund, solar topee† (12). His eventual home, the Spanish Castle, is said to be â€Å"beautiful but not prosperous† (14). As the story continues, things change. Ramage is now â€Å"burnt a deep brown, his hair fell to his shoulders, his beard to his chest. † (16). With only â€Å"wearing sandals a leather belt, on one side which hung a cutlass, on the other a large pouch. (16), he attracts the attention of the other inhabitants of the island. 5 Spanish castle is now â€Å"unkempt deserted [†¦ ]. The grass on the lawn had grown very igh and the verandah hadn't been swept for days† (17). Rhys uses the setting to underline the change in Ramage's life. He doesn't care about how he looks like anymore and seems desperate, because he seems to be unable to catch up with the society on the island. He simply wants to find peace. He isolates himself from the island population and tries to go native, but fails. Ramage's public appearance as naked, with long hair and deep brown skin, seems to indicate a serious, if flawed, attempt to go native. Ramage looks – with the exception of the beard – Just like de pictions of the real natives of Dominica† (Hooper 2005: 125). Ramage may try to leave his British origin behind and to identify himself as a fixed part of the island. His whole struggle with trying to live a quiet life is reflected in the appearance of his estate. By marrying Isla, Ramage splits himself off from the English society and puts down roots on Dominica.But the people who live on the island do not except this marriage. He is said to be â€Å"lost to white society' (15) now. Resulting from his interracial marriage, the island population assume that he rejects the idea of the natural superiority of the British race (Wende 2012: 229). When Mrs Ramage disappears, rumors are spread that Ramage might have killed her. An article published in the Gazette calls him a â€Å"beastly murder[er]† (19). Toolan points out that there is a causal or analogical relation between the setting on the one hand and characters and events on the other hand (1988: 104).Dr Cox, who seem s to be the only friend of Ramage, is not able to see the danger signals. When he visits his friend, the last time before Ramage kills himself, he gives the impression to be okay. The â€Å"nasty beastly horrible Ramage. â€Å"(11) was now â€Å"wearing one of his linen suits, lean and pressed, and his hair and beard were trimmed. † (17). He says that he feels â€Å"splendid† (17) but his garden tells the truth. Here the setting, in this case the garden, gives some information about the feelings of the male main protagonist.As already mentioned above, the garden is â€Å"unkempt and deserted The grass on the lawn had grown very high and the verandah hadn't been swept for days. † (17). Deep inside he also feels â€Å"unkempt and deserted† (17) because the people throw stones at his house (18), think that he killed his wife (19) and do not accept his new way of dressing 16) and his marriage with Isla (15). That fthe servants have all walked out† (17 ) shows that everyone left Ramage and he is all alone now, as Dr Cox predicted it before. Although he said at the beginning that he had no problem with being alone (14), he is hapless now.Nobody seems to understand him and therefore he is not able to find the only thing he was after: â€Å"Peace† (14). Neither fitting into black nor white society, Ramage decides to commit suicide. On the day of his funeral â€Å"it was dream. 6 The comparison of the Imperial Road and the Market Street is used to clarify the function of the etting to underline the racial segregation. â€Å"In Pioneers, Oh, Pioneers,†the two contrasting worlds meet physically on Market Street in the form of black and white women there† (Malcolm ; Malcolm 1996: 85). Rhys illustrates the complex hierarchy of race and class (Davis 2005) in her short story.She does this by using the setting. Like Davis points out, on Market Street â€Å"the black women were barefooted, wore gaily striped turbans and highwaisted dresses† (Rhys 1976: 1 1), while Afro-French Madame Menzies maintained the dignity of her old-fashioned riding habit, and British Mr. Ramage lived out an imperialist antasy in his â€Å"tropical kit, white suit, red cummerbund, solar topee† (12). These different perspectives are linked through the consciousness of the young protagonist who rejects the reductive, hegemonic vision of colonial society (Davis 2005).When Ramage arrives on the island, he is looking for an estate and he tells Dr Cox that he â€Å"was told that there were several places going along this new Imperial Road [†¦ ]† (13). But Dr Cox is not convinced of this plan. ANon't last. † (13), he says. But Ramage still decides to buy an estate located at this lonely road. He acquires Spanish Castle, â€Å"one of the older properties† (14). The nearest estate is the one of Mr Eliot. It was used to be called â€Å"Malgr © Tout†, but now it is called â€Å"Twickenha m† (14) after a London suburb.Wende points out that this renaming represents the British sovereignty (2012: 227). In contrast to the young men, like â€Å"young Errington, young Kellaway, who had bought estates along the Imperial Road and worked hard C†¦ ]† (14) but failed and had to sell their land after only a few time had passed, Ramage does not want to gain prosperity. The only thing he wants to find is peace (14). In one way this can be interpreted as a â€Å"desired escape from Britain† (Hooper 2005: 124). The loud and crowded Market Street corresponds to the lonely Imperial Road.The Imperial Road seems to be a place built up by white people to separate themselves from the black society. It is a place where people who want to live in another country, but do not want to integrate, live. They rather want to stay among people of the same origin. This is to be noticed by the fact that there are no black people to be found on the Imperial Road. Only rich wh ite people live there. The Market Street is the place where black as well as white people meet. As already mentioned above: â€Å"[T]he few white women carried parasols. The black women were barefoot, wore gaily striped turbans and highwaisted dresses. (11) Though they are humans, all people Rosalie watches on Market Street are only part of the setting (as well as 7 the admiring negro crowd). They are used to underline the contrast between black and white on the island, and are not important as characters for the story. They are only props, as Chatman defines (1993: 63). The white women do not seem to enjoy the weather. Their appearance is much darker than the one of the black women, who barefooted, but Mrs Menzies also passes by riding, she is therefore in the physical osition to look down on other people.This underlines the clear distance between the colonialists and the people who are colonialized. Even though slavery was abolished by this time, hierarchical structures were stil l present (Wende 2012: 237). In â€Å"Pioneers, Oh, Pioneers† the white society seems to be very hostile to acts or people who do not fit in their idea of life. Not only the Market Street shows the racial segregation, but also the description of the two cemeteries. On the one hand, there is â€Å"the Catholic cemetery, where all day the candles burnt almost invisible in the unlight.When night came they twinkled like fireflies. The graves were covered with flowers- some real, some red of yellow paper or little gold cut-outs. † (21). This cemetery is the one where mostly black people were buried. Just like their clothes, their cemetery is described in a more colorful way. Whereas â€Å"the Anglican cemetery, which was not very far away, down the hill, was deserted and silent. † (21). Just like the people, the cemeteries have some point where they seem to be alike, for they both are places where people are buried, but they have significant differences.When eferring to the people this could be interpreted as the black people are more kindly (bright) and the white are more dismissive (grey). 3. Conclusion An impoverished stranger comes from off the island, usually from ‘home', and courts and marries a local woman who, in narrative terms, is seen to represent the island itself. That story is fundamental to Rhys's work. [†¦ ] It is the story of Mr. Ramage, in â€Å"Pioneers, Oh Pioneers. † And, crucially, it is the story of Rhys herself (Hulme 2000: 20). In Jean Rhys's short story the setting fulfills several functions.One the one hand, it is sed to determine the place where the action takes place. As already mentioned above, the place where the entire plot takes place and where the houses which are directly mentioned, such as Ramage's Spanish Castle or Dr Cox's house, are to be found, is Dominica. On the other hand, the setting is used to characterize acting people in an indirec way. For example, it is never said that the Cox f amily is a rich one. Only the description of one room in their house with chairs made of timber and a tigerskin rug leads the reader to the conclusion that they are a family which is well off.Furthermore, the setting tells the reader important character traits of 8 Dr Cox. The description of his desktop with a lot of newspapers implies that he is intelligent and a prestigious man. Another function of the setting in â€Å"Pioneers, Oh, Pioneers† is to point out the racial segregation, that was still present on Dominica in 1899. Although the differences were never mentioned explicitly, it becomes clear that there is a huge discrepancy between black and white people, as the setting implies. For example, when Ramage marries Isla, he is â€Å"lost to white society' (15).In their eyes, the way Ramage lives does ot match their ideas of a hierarchy everyone has to stick to. They want a clear separation of colonialists and the people who are colonialized. As Malcolm and Malcolm point out â€Å"Pioneers, Oh, Pioneer†, deals with the cultural clash between those two groups (1996: 83). The white people outrank the black islanders. This is already got to know. The white women Mrs Menzies does not only feel like she is in a higher position, she actually really is, because she rides past the black people on her horse. Furthermore Malcolm and Malcolm emphasize that even the date emphasizes the clash.Peter Hulme sees in Jean Rhys's short story ‘Pioneers, Oh Pioneers' not only a foreshadowing of the life of the inexperienced settler, but a critique of precisely the sorts of imperial road-building ambitions that were promoted by politicians and administrators such as Chamberlain and Hesketh Bell.

buy custom Cup Cake Business Plan essay

buy custom Cup Cake Business Plan essay As already mentioned a business plan must have certain peculiar items and must be executed in the right manner. In order to develop a good plan, it is important to do enough research of the industry. This could be sometimes expensive considering that one could only depend on research from survey companies which comes at a price. In addition, a new person may not know what is relevant or not in terms of the information gathered. That should not however deter us from coming up with a plan considering its significance in the business world. Let us now look at how to come up with a plan for our cup cake business. Product strategy, points of difference of the product and ideas for new products. Marketing segments Key points of differences of the product to satisfy the segments needs Ideas for specific new products High school students The cakes must take in to account that students like snacking and therefore it should be well balanced. Students are also known to be adventures and therefore the designs should look uniquely different from what is already in the market. The point is that the customer should have so many choices that everyday they will want to try something different. This calls for abundant creativity. The entrepreneur should develop new designs and products such as pastries in order to give the young adults many choices. Look for different designs on the internet as well as in books Lower school childen Children like sweet things and therefore this must be put into consideration. Different shapes of cakes would also fit children. These could include shapes of dolls, toy cars and toy airplanes. The entrepreneur should also consider introducing new items such as cookies. Some children carry snacks to school and this would come in hardy. Grown ups (Adults) Adults would prefer something healthy not necessarily with much sweetness. This would help them cope with their busy schedules where some of them have no time for a meal like lunch. The entrepreneur can consider delivering to homes and offices for orders made or even to new customers. This would enhance customer relation thereby increasing sales. Special diet people Customers in this section will require cakes made with certain specific ingredients according to their condition. For instance, a person suffering from diabetes will need cakes made with little or no sugar. Other sweeteners could be used instead. There is also the case of people who are allergic to different things such as gluten and nuts. (Kerin, Hartley Rudelius 2008) The availability of certain specific customers is what will dictate the classification one needs to come up with. If for instance it is realized that a customer with a certain allergy keeps on asking whether cakes with or without a certain ingredient is available, the entrepreneur should plan to make them available. Stage in product life cycle, marketing mix,, branding and packaging strategies. This product (cup cake) is at the market introduction stage where customers must be provoked to try it and demand has to be created (Kerin, Hartley Rudelius 2008). The sales volume could be low thereby making little profit. This means that strategies have to be put in place to create awareness, demand and thus improve sales. The market mix which comprises of product, price, promotion and distribution, must be well integrated to maximize profits and keep expenditure within reasonable limits (Day, 1981). As we continue developing our plan, it is of paramount importance to look into how we do our branding and packaging. Our cakes must establish an identity in the market. Once we have the final product ready, we must make it look attractive to prospective customers especially considering that it is new in the market. The brand should be packed in a well designed and finished packaging that draws the attention of customers on the first glance. Beautiful and bright colors should be used in order to make it stand out of other such products. Since branding and packaging will influence a customer either negatively or positively, we must ensure that we create a lasting impressive image (Capozzi, 2011). In conclusion, business planning and proper execution plays a significant role in the success of any investment. In order to end up with a lasting and progressing cup cake business we need to organize the production, branding and packaging which makes marketing easier and the product is enabled to realize sales within a rational budget. The product life cycle management is also important so that relevant steps are taken in each stage. At the market introduction stage, where our cup cake is starting off requires proper market mixing to realize profits in good time. Buy custom Cup Cake Business Plan essay

WARD Name Meaning and Surname Origin

WARD Name Meaning and Surname Origin Ward is a popular  last name of Old English and Old Gaelic origins dating back prior to the Norman Conquest of 1066.   The Old English surname Ward has several possible meanings: An  occupational surname for a guard or keeper of the watch, from the Old English weard, meaning guard.A geographical or topographical surname for a person who lived near a guardhouse or fortress.Also possibly as a topographical surname from the word werd, meaning marsh. The Ward surname may also be of Irish origin from the Irish last name McWard and variations such as MacAward, MacEvard, MacEward, and Macanward. It derives from the old Gaelic name Mac an Bhaird, from the prefix Mac, meaning son of and bhaird, a Gaelic word meaning bard or poet. Ward may also possibly be an Americanized form of the French surname Guerin, which means guard. Ward is the 71st most popular surname in the United States. Ward is also popular in England, coming in as the 31st most common surname. Statistics collected in Ireland from the 1891 census peg Ward as the 78th most common Irish surname. Surname Origin:  English, Irish Alternate Surname Spellings:  WARDE, WARDEN, WARDMAN, WORDMAN, WARDS, MCWARD, WARDLE, WARDLOW, WARDALE Famous People With the Last Name WARD ​Julia Ward Howe - best known as writer of Battle Hymn of the RepublicBilly Ward and his Dominoes - successful African-American RB vocal groupAaron Montgomery Ward - founder of the Montgomery Ward catalog and retail storeHines Ward - former NFL wide receiver for the Pittsburgh SteelersM. Ward - American singer, songwriter Genealogy Resources for the WARD Surname 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Ward, Wardle, Warden DNA ProjectThe goal of this Y-DNA surname project is to identify WARD family relationships by placing them each within their own unique y-DNA groups, allowing researchers within those groups to work toward discovery of their common ancestor. WARD Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Ward surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Ward query. FamilySearch - WARD Family HistoryAccess free vital, census, military, and other records, plus lineage-linked family trees posted for the Ward surname and its variations. WARD Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Ward surname. DistantCousin.com - WARD Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Ward. Looking for the meaning of a given name? Check out First Name Meanings Cant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

The Impeachment Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Impeachment Process - Essay Example Impeachment is a process intended to expose and correct political crimes (Gerhardt). Formally, impeachment can be defined as the â€Å"Constitutional process whereby the House of Representatives may accuse of misconduct high officers of the Federal Government for trial in the Senate† (Lectic Law Library). It is an exclusive congressional power, which is neither subordinate to judicial review nor it can be subjected to presidential veto. Whether the officer is forced to leave office or not depends upon the conviction of the Senate. SUMMARIZED AMERICAN IMPEACHMENT HISTORY: Article I, Sections 2 and 3 ensure the right of the House to impeach public officials, the President and the Vice President. The House of Representatives have instigated above 50 impeachment resolutions since 1789. Of these, the Senate received only 15 cases and from these 15 cases, only one involved a President. Two of the cases were dismissed on jurisdictional grounds, six ended in acquittal and seven in con viction (Kingsley). The most famous impeachments of the US history have been of: Andrew Johnson, Richard Nixon and William J. Clinton. Johnson was impeached in 1868 for defying the Tenure of Office Act but he was acquitted May 1868 by being one vote short of the two-thirds required Senate majority. This acquittal taught a lesson to the Congressmen that impeachment could not be used as a tool for settling policy differences with executives. Richard Nixon was impeached in 1974 on the basis of three articles of impeachment, involving bribery, treason, perjury and other executive power abuses. As conviction became inevitable for his high crime charges, to avoid the dishonor of trial, Nixon resigned from his post in August 1974. Clinton was impeached in 1998 for having improper relationship and issues of character. He was, however, acquitted by the Senate in 1999, because it could not gather sufficient votes for conviction. His impeachment was more recognized as political warfare rather than actual basis for impeachment. This precedent could be used by future House members to analyze critically the consequences of impeaching a President with substantial public support. THE IMPEACHMENT PROCESS: The impeachment process is a two step process: 1. The Impeachment Power: The House of Representatives: The impeachment process is initiated when a member of the House under oath declares a charge of impeachment against the president or any other civil officer. It is on the disposition of the House of Judiciary Committee whether or not to go forward with the impeachment based on the investigation and the charges filed. The resolution passed by the Judiciary Committee authorizes whether grounds exist for the investigation to proceed or not. A thorough investigation takes place before entertaining any votes whether the accusations hold any reality or not. If evidence of some kind of treason exists, by majority vote â€Å"a resolution impeaching the individual in question and se tting forth specific allegations of misconduct, in one or more articles of impeachment, will be reported to the full House† (Halstead). The House thereafter votes for each article of the resolution, and on the basis of