Social stratification in philippine free essay sample

Race and Ethnicity Sociology, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights held. Definitions †¢ Raceâ€A socially built classification made out of individuals who share organically transmitted qualities that individuals from a general public consider significant †¢ Meanings and significance of race shift across time and spot. †No general public contains organically â€Å"pure† individuals. †More hereditary variety inside each racial â€Å"category† than between â€Å"categories† Sociology, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights held. Definitions †¢ Ethnicityâ€a shared social legacy †The United States is a multiethnic culture †Like race, ethnicity is socially built †¢ Remember: Race is developed from natural attributes and ethnicity is developed from social characteristics, for example, ancestory, language, or religion. †¢ For the vast majority, ethnicity is more mind boggling than race. Human science, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights saved. Table 14. 1 Racial and Ethnic Categories in the United States, 2007 Sociology, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights saved. Minority Any classification of individuals recognized by physical or social contrast that a general public separates and subordinates †¢ General attributes †Distinct character: Race, sex, sexual direction, the poor †Subordination: Often burdened with lower status †¢ Stereotypes, shame, and naming †¢ Group size not generally a factor †Women in US dwarf men. †Blacks in South Africa dwarf whites. Human science, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights held. National Map 14. 1 Where the Minority Majority Already Exists Sociology, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights saved. Bias †¢ Prejudiceâ€A inflexible and uncalled for speculation about a whole class of individuals. †¢ Stereotypeâ€An misrepresented portrayal applied to each individual in some class Sociology, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights held. Estimating Prejudice The Social Distance Scale 1. 2. 3. Understudy feeling shows a pattern toward more noteworthy social acknowledgment. Individuals see less contrasts among different minorities. The psychological militant assaults of September 11, 2001, might have decreased social acknowledgment of Arabs and Muslims. Humanism, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights saved. Figure 14. 1 Bogardus Social Distance Research (Detail on next slide) The social separation scale is a decent method to gauge bias. Section (a) delineates the total social separation scale, from least social separation at the extreme left to most noteworthy social separation at the extreme right. Part (b) shows the mean (normal) social separation score got by every class of individuals in 2001. Part (c) presents the general mean score (the normal of the scores got by all racial and ethnic classes) in explicit years. These scores have tumbled from 2. 14 out of 1925 to 1. 44 of every 2001, demonstrating that understudies express less social separation toward minorities today than they did previously. Part (d) shows the scope of midpoints, the contrast between the most noteworthy and least scores in given years (in 2001, for example, it was 0. 87, the distinction between the high score of 1. 94 for Arabs and the low score of 1. 07 for Americans). This figure has likewise decreased since 1925, demonstrating that today’s understudies will in general observe less contrasts between different classes of individuals. Source: Parrillo Donoghue (2005). Human science, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights saved. Figure 14. 1 Detail Sociology, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights held. Prejudice The conviction that one racial class is naturally better or mediocre than another †¢ Racism has been across the board all through US history where thoughts regarding racial inadequacy bolstered bondage. †¢ Overt bigotry in the US has diminished, however stays a genuine social issue. Humanism, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights saved. Speculations of Prejudice †¢ Scapegoat hypothesis †Disadvantaged individuals who unjustifiably censure minorities for their own issues †¢ Authoritarian character hypothesis †Rigid moralists who see things in â€Å"black white† †¢ Culture hypothesis †Everyone has some preference on the grounds that it’s inserted in culture. Human science, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights held. Hypotheses of Prejudice †¢ Conflict hypothesis †Self-support for the rich and ground-breaking in the United States †Minorities may develop atmosphere of race awareness so as to win more prominent influence furthermore, benefits. Human science, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights saved. Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life The Distribution of Intelligence. Humanism, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights saved. Segregation Unequal treatment of different classifications of individuals †¢ Institutional partiality and discrimination†Bias incorporated with the activity of society’s foundations †¢ Carmichael and Hamilton: People are delayed to denounce or even perceive institutional preference and separation since it regularly includes regarded open authorities and since quite a while ago settled practices. Human science, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights held. The Vicious Circle 1. Preference and separation start as ethnocentric mentalities. 2. Therefore, gatherings can be set in a circumstance where they’re socially impeded and marked. 3. A group’s circumstance, after some time, is accordingly clarified because of natural mediocrity as opposed to taking a gander at the social structure. The cycle at that point rehashes itself. Human science, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights saved. Figure 14. 2 Prejudice and Discrimination: The Vicious Circle Prejudice and separation can shape an endless loop, propagating themselves. Humanism, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights saved. Greater part and Minority Patterns of Interaction †¢ Pluralismâ€A state in which individuals everything being equal and ethnicities are particular yet have equivalent social standing †¢ Assimilationâ€The process by which minorities steadily receive examples of the prevailing society †¢ Miscegenationâ€Biological multiplication by accomplices of various racial classes Human science, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights saved. Dominant part and Minority Patterns of Interaction †¢ Segregationâ€The physical and social partition of classes of individuals †¢ Genocideâ€The methodical slaughtering of one classification of individuals by another Sociology, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights saved. National Map 14. 2 Land Controlled by Native Americans, 1790 to Today In 1790, Native Americans controlled three-fourths of the land (blue-concealed territories) that in the end turned into the United States. Today, Native Americans control 314 reservations, dispersed over the United States, that represent only 2 percent of the country’s land territory. How might you describe these areas? Source: Copyright (c) 1998 by The New York Times Co. Reproduced by consent. All rights saved. Human science, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights saved. Race and Ethnicity in the US †¢ Native Americans White Anglo-Saxon Protestants African Americans Asian Americans †Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Filipinos †¢ Hispanic/Latino Americans †Mexican, Puerto Ricans, Cuban Americans †¢ Arab Americans †¢ White Ethnic Americans Sociology, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights held. Human science, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights saved. Human science, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights held. Humanism, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights held. Humanism, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights held. Human science, 13h Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights saved. National Map 14. 3 The Concentration of Hispanics or Latinos, African Americans, Asian Americans, and Arab Americans, by County In 2007, individuals of Hispanic or Latino plunge spoke to 15. 1 percent of the U. S. populace, contrasted and 12. 8 percent African Americans, 4. 4 percent Asian Americans, and 0. 5 percent Arab Americans. Looking at them, we see that the southern portion of the U. S. is home to unquestionably a bigger number of minorities than the northern half. In any case, do they all amass in similar regions? What examples do the maps uncover? Sources: U. S. Enumeration Bureau (2008). h Sociology, 13 Edition by John Macionis Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights saved. Race and Ethnicity: Looking Ahead †¢ The US will stay a place that is known for foreigners. †¢ Most foreigners showed up in a wave that crested around 1910. †¢ Another flood of migration started after World War II and expand as the administration loosened up movement laws during the 1960s. †¢ Today’s outsiders come not from E