Identifying an existing product - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1901 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Identifying an Existing Product Background information Sunkist has been around for more than 100 years. At the beginning citrus fruit growers in California and Arizona instituted the Sunkist trademark as a mark of freshness and premium flavour. In 1978 it was licensed and in 1979 it was launched. By 1986 Cadbury Schweppes acquired the Sunkist license and expanded the brand. Sunkist Introduction Sunkist is now one of the most popular soft drinks around the world. Its purpose is to bring a great flavour of orange and provide everyone with a drink bursting with quality, as well as a drink that satisfies customer needs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Identifying an existing product" essay for you Create order Cadbury Schweppes Cadbury merged with the company Schweppes to form Cadbury Schweppes in 1969. It acquired many drinks including Sunkist. In 2008 Cadbury Schweppes split up their operations to create a separate American Beverage unit, which was renamed the Dr Pepper Snapple Group. In 2009 the confectionary and beverages business of Cadbury Schweppes Pty Ltd. in Australia was formally separated and began operating as Schweppes Australia Pty Ltd. Schweppes Australia provides good quality products that consumers will enjoy and maintain a good well being. This is done by labelling clearly what is in the products and intake information on packaging. An increased variety of choice is provided and continuous exploitation of consumer needs and preferences is being included to provide customers a drink with great taste, quality and truthful beverages. Target Market and features After many years of the existence of Sunkist, and even though a range of ages have the access to the beverage, its core target market is aimed at trend savvy teens and young adults who are mobile, live online and love music. Sunkist aims to attract customers by its colourful designs on the bottles or cans and the brightness of its colour. In most parts of the world Sunkist now comes in different flavours. Sunkist aims to lsquo;Stimulate the senses which are citrus. It provides people with a great taste, quality and purity, and varies in shape in different parts of the world. Marketing Concept Beverages are main products in the market place that are commonly purchased. Sunkist is a great drink although similar beverages such as fanta, orange crush etc. or even other beverages such as coca-cola, mineral water, ice tea etc. all compete against each other to attract consumers to purchase their products. For this reason Sunkist is using different strategies to provide customers with a great taste and quality which will increase customer awareness and satisfaction to increase its market share. This marketing concept will be achieved by always updating the product to suite customer needs and advertising its great features. Product Life Cycle Sunkist is now in the maturity stage of the product life cycle as its product features are continued to be enhanced to differ from competitors, its pricing is not high, its distribution is intensive and it offers incentives as well as emphasizes product differentiation. SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses High brand awareness in big cities High quality product. Good customer service. Provides a strong marketing and promotional service to other fruit producers. Large scale of operations. Good reputation. Offers promotions. Strong brand recognition. Leading brand value. Long-life brand Dont spend much on advertising products. Didnt introduce different flavours to all countries. Low market share. Low market coverage Limited bottles network Low ad and promotion expenditures Threats Opportunities Competitors are cheaper. Other drinks are more appealing to customers. Competitors have celebrities advertising products New drinks are still coming into the market. Prices of other drinks are cheaper. Unplanned soft drink purchase New product launch. Greater promotional strategies. Introduce new flavour to different countries. Increase in spending. Propose a Marketing Mix Market Segmentation Businesses have to focus on a certain group of consumers to aim their products at as customers needs vary in the marketplace. Schweppes offers many types of beverages, and by using market segmentation different beverages are aimed at different consumers, for example, Sunkist is aimed at teenagers. Market segmentation helps businesses break down the market to study specific needs and produce products that satisfy each specific group of consumers. Sunkist is strongly differentiated from other beverages due to its quality, range of flavours, and long-lasting bubblesSchweppervescense. Product A product is a final good or service. The core product is the benefits the product offers to customer purchase the product rather than from competitors. Businesses offer tangible and intangible benefits to their customers to purchase their products. Sunkist is a type of product that offers this. Its tangible benefits include its design, colour and features, and its intangible benefits include Schweppes good reputation, image and customer satisfaction. It is important when developing marketing strategies that businesses consider: Positioning= this refers to a perception or image that potential buyers have of a product compared with its competitors. Sunkist and Schweppes are well known around the world and are known for high quality, reliable and satisfying beverages. Products are positioned in terms of price and quality and this attracts customers to choose what products they want to purchase. Branding= a brand is a tool a business uses to differentiate from its competitors. The Schweppes brand is the number one mixer brand nationally in terms of volume and value. The Schweppes logo is known worldwide and the Sunkist symbol is identifiable by many customers (see figure below). This is important for a business as the customers rely on the products being purchased as good value for good price and customer satisfaction develops. Packaging= this refers to information available to identify the product/brand and catch customers attention to keep it competitive. Packaging is very important for a product and attracts different target markets to the product. Sunkist is packaged in cans and bottles that are recyclable and provide nutritional information that should be known such as dangers, ingredients etc. the cans and bottles are packaged in boxes that protect them while being distributed to stores around the world. They are placed in boxes in reasonable numbers so that it is easy for customers to carry when they purchase the product. Price Price is the payment required to purchase a product. It involved methods, strategies and the interaction of price and quality. Price methods= the pricing method used to sell Sunkist is cost. As Schweppes charges the same to all businesses, they want to get back what they paid for the product and add the profit they want to gain from selling the product. Pricing strategies= the pricing strategies used to sell Sunkist are prestige pricing, penetration pricing and price points. Prestige pricing is the customers perception of the product that will influence them to pay the price for the product. For example, since Schweppes is a nationally known brand and its products are trustworthy, customers are willing to pay a high price for drinks like Sunkist as they know they will be satisfied. Penetration pricing is where businesses lower prices to attract customers to their business instead of it competitors. This is not always used by businesses; Sunkist drinks are sometimes put on s ale for a limited time, when businesses went to increase their business share.Acirc;Â   Price points are a psychological strategy to influence customers to purchase the product. Many businesses charge for example $2.99 for a bottle of Sunkist instead of $3. This makes customers think they are purchasing the product for a cheaper price by really arent. Price and quality interaction= price and quality are very important for a product. They interact as a product that is seen as high price is of high quality. This is seen in the selling of Sunkist as it is sold for a higher price than other orange drinks, so consumers recognise that it is of high quality. Sometimes products may not be of good quality but for a high price but consumers tend to think they are. Promotion Promotion is effective communication with customers. Schweppes and Sunkist promote their products through advertising. This is paid communication and is used to persuade customers. Advertising is through TV commercials, billboards, newspapers and store catalogues. Sunkist also offers below-the-line promotions. On their bottles, they have competitions that customers can enter to win prizes such as trips, money, t-shirts or vehicles. They also offer special offers in store every once in a while to remind customers of their products. Another important promotion used is the communication process. Sunkist uses saturation advertising by advertising to the public as everyone knows the high quality, great taste and trustworthy beverage, and will appeal to a target market. Also word of mouth is common and helpful. By teenagers seeing their friends holding the drink it makes them want it as teenagers have a major influence on each other. Place Place refers to the distribution process. It is important for businesses to make sure that customers receive their products. Schweppes uses direct channels also known as intermediaries, to distribute their products. Retail stores are an example of this, where the product is bought from the business by the final consumer. Stores that sell Sunkist include Woolworths, Franklins, Coles, supermarkets, fast food outlets, vending machines and many more. This way it is easier for consumers to purchase the product. Distribution intensity refers to the number of places the business sells its products to. This influences the types of consumers purchasing the product and allows businesses to control where their products and being sold. Sunkist is intensively distributed. As Schweppes is a nationally known company and has existed for a while, Sunkist is distributed around the world. Physical distribution is about a small amount of resources to achieve business goals. There are several iss ues that need to be considered when distributing the product: Transport= this involves moving the product from one location to another. This can be expensive and should be considered when pricing the product, although it is an easy way to distribute the product. Warehousing= this involves storing goods before they are sold. Businesses like to purchase goods in bulk so they dont have to keep asking for goods all the time. This is good if products are easily sold and profit is made out of their selling. This can reduce costs as bulk items are cheaper than single. This can work for businesses selling Sunkist ad it is a known product purchased by many. Inventory= this involves storing products in case customers want to purchase it. There must be sufficient stock/inventory to satisfy customer demand, but if businesses over stock and dont sell it all, they will be losing profit and this is not good for a business. Businesses need to also consider the environmental effects o f distribution. This refers to the external environment and how it impacts distribution. Technology- advances in technology has helped businesses distribute their products. People are becoming more aware of products through internet technology and e-commerce is one development that allowed customers to purchase goods online. Government= local government are responsible for their local areas. Government regulations affect business activities, for example, zoning. This makes it hard for distribute products to some stores as there are some areas where a truck cant stop or there is no room making it harder for products such as Sunkist to be distributed to stores.

Mutuality and Patriarchy in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay

Mutuality and Patriarchy in Macbeth Since the beginning of recorded time, the basic human distinction in human social order has revolved around gender; our sex at birth determines the role we will play in our society, the status we will hold in our culture, and even the structure of our daily lives. The biological reality that women can give birth and men cannot has led to a habitual consciousness of two sex classes, and, in the past, these two classes coexisted with equality in co-operative communities; however, Marilyn French contends in The War on Women that as men began to build what would become patriarchy, or male supremacy built by force, the female class became disempowered, marginalised, and subjugated to the will of†¦show more content†¦Whether playfully resolved in the comedies or brutally exposed in the tragedies, at some level, all Shakespeares works symbolically explore the conflict between male and female, or control and emotion, within society and the individual self (Novy 3); however, it is in the tragedies that Shakespeare moves beyond merely reflecting a womans need to transcend socially imposed limitations to an in depth exploration of the dangers inherent in a worldview that prescribes the extreme devaluation and expulsion of the feminine in order to maintain masculine power and domination (200). In particular, Shakespeares Macbeth is a play in which the masculine-centred world of the protagonist metaphorically and literally reflects the miserable alienation of both men and women when a fear of the feminine within society and themselves leads to chaotic disorder and the death of the soul. In order to first understand the world Shakespeare wrote from and about, I will briefly discuss the male/female dichotomy within the Renaissance. Gender distinctions can be traced throughout Western history, but it is in a new conception of the family in the sixteenth century that patriarchy gains

Gender Roles Of Women And Women - 892 Words

Gender roles are a set of behaviors that indicate that a person should fit in to a category of either being male or female. This is society’s concept of how men and women are expected to behave. These gender roles were commonly accepted before the twenty-first century. Society viewed males as being the main financial providers for their family whereas women were viewed as the maker of the home, raising and taking care their children. Men were expected to be strong, athletic,aggressive,and dominant. While, women were expected to be weak, passive,nurturing,and subordinate. Gender roles are assigned at birth, from then on children learn how it is socially acceptable to behave by observing friends, family members and the media. Not fitting in to these categories can be harmful. Most people have experienced sexism due to these gender stereotypes. Sexism can be thinking or treating someone different because of their gender. For example, men often get paid more than women for the sam e job and skill level. For some people it might be hard to accept a strong, dominant woman or a passive and friendly man simply because they are not fitting in to the category assigned to them. However, a lot has changed in the last few decades. More and more women are seeking higher education with the intention of starting a career. Men are finding it more acceptable and fulfilling to stay home with young children. The world is beginning to be more aware of other genders such as intersex andShow MoreRelatedGender Roles Of Women And Women1524 Words   |  7 PagesGender refers to the masculine and feminine attributes assigned to either sex. Culture and biology determine the moral, intellectual, and emotional differences between males and females. Biology partially determines gender constructions of men and women. A woman’s ability to conceive or a man’s natural strength are all examples of biological gender. 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An example of gender roles affecting women is that women are expected to take care of the housework and so they do chores around the house even if they have a job. Men are expected to be the breadwinner and support his family financially. Men are not expectedRead MoreGender Roles Of Women And Women2066 Words   |  9 PagesThroughout history, gender roles were portrayed based on their physical appearance and the ability to do things. Men were always considered the caretakers and protectors of their homes and never had to worry about what kind of outfit they had to wear the next day. Men were free to roam around in whatever clothing that appealed to them and no one seemed to care. However, in the case of women, they were the ones who did the house work all day and if she wanted to get an education that was somethingRead MoreGender Roles Of Women And Women2359 Words   |  10 PagesMen and women are consistently sexualized and misrepresented in the media. These misrepresentations have serious implications on society and both sexes are constrained by these ideals. These ideal depictions of masculine and feminine are threatening to the already distorted gender roles. The media standards for beauty are outrageous and simply unattainable, putting immense pressu re on women today. Moreover media targeting men present a constant theme of hyper masculinity that is normalized inRead MoreGender Roles Of Women And Women1662 Words   |  7 Pages Gender Roles â€Å"Gender is the costume, a mask, a straightjacket in which men and women dance their unequal dance† (Kearl). Throughout history, women have been treated with unequal and unjust standards in comparison to their male counterparts. This paper will discuss gender roles in society and the stereotypes placed on men and women. As well as gender role development and the different influences that lead to these roles and stereotypes. Also, it will outline the history and progress of women’sRead MoreGender Roles Of Women And Women876 Words   |  4 PagesA gender role is simply a behavior that may be learned by a person that is so called â€Å"accepted† into society or a cultural normality. For example, men are known for supporting the family the most such as keeping the food on the table and being most of the income that comes into the household. Women on the other hand are normally looked upon as house cleaners, childcare givers, and less responsible jobs inside the house. Gender stereotypes are a little bit different; this is a way of seeing someone

The Importance Of Breaking Negative Habits And Building...

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Group Behavior in the Workplace Free Essays

string(302) " Employees who are not prone to building interpersonal relationships can assume a particularly negative team role, or scapegoat role, where the team member can take on the entire responsibility or guilt of the working group if they chose not to produce as required by the working group and management\." Group Behavior in the Workplace Antoinette T Harris Organizational Behavior, MGT 412 Instructor: Nikki Follis December 7, 2010 Group Behavior in the Workplace Introduction Group Behavior is well defined as, situations that allows people to interact in large or small groups. These individuals working together may begin to coordinate their behavior by acting in a certain way to achieve a goal that differs from what each person would do if acting alone. Group dynamics, combined with great leadership or management, can achieve goals that are set for organizational success. We will write a custom essay sample on Group Behavior in the Workplace or any similar topic only for you Order Now The organizations social systems are made up of many complex sets of human behavior and relationships that interact in many ways within the workplace and also in the businesses world they face every day. These working groups can be comprised of like-minded individuals, a diverse group of individuals, or a group of specialized skilled individuals who are developed by management to achieve one common goal in the organization or project at hand. Balancing the rights of each individual in the workplace is sometimes difficult for the employer since most organizational goals are set to be achieved through group effort.People become dependent on established cultural systems that gives each individual stability, understanding, security, and the ability to respond to any given situation. Working Groups impose certain expectations and rules on each individual member of the team which can expose the weaker member’s lack of shared responsibilities. This can affect the working teams set go als that must be met by everyone involved in the group’s effort to get every detail finished and accomplished. Employer’s views on Group BehaviorQuality Management Systems within the workplace will become the key element that will measure the success or failure of an organization. Individual attitudes within the workplace can reflect a person’s likes/dislikes toward other co-workers and management within his or her working environment. Supervisors and managers must understand how workplace group behavior can be inspired to increase productivity, motivation and product quality by establishing a secure and stable group environment that can be managed effectively and minimally.The Manager – Worker relationship is usually influenced by management’s egoistic needs that are mainly governed by two types: the needs that relate to the leader’s reputation, such as recognition, status, respect of associates, and appreciation; and those that relate to self-confidence, achievement, decision making, self-esteem and knowledge. Management is not usually designed to help employees satisfy their human needs in a manner that will create healthy working environments.If management and high level leadership in the corporate world will develop more like m inded, working group environments; employee’s will experience fewer frustrations and will devote more time and commitment to their production processes. These motivating factors I have listed would be aimed to benefit the organization as a whole and not slow down productivity through dis-satisfied and non-productive employees. 1. Altruism – is concerned with being of help to other people. Help of a practical nature can be a psychological or emotional kind. . Productivity – Efficiency managed by a productive management team will help minimize the working relationship gap that will usually exist between average employees and productive employees. 3. Self-Development – This motive can show concern by helping to develop individual skills and abilities that can be used as a plus in the working group. 4. Team Building Events – Managers who schedule team building events will see more productivity and motivation in their groups efforts to achieve its goals. 5.Staff morale – This motivator will help management build their teams and groups effectively, if they practice boosting morale within the working group environments. High morale is one of the major components in the workforce. Traditional Management is no longer practiced within today’s workforce. This style of management focuses on using the majority of the time working with and through people. The working individual now has to become a skillful psychologist, since most of what people do on a daily basis, is shaping the behavior of others. Whether you are a manger or subordinate, you are only successful as a group effort if each individual has skills at motivation, interpersonal influence, working together with peers, good communication with individuals and superiors. Managers are reflections on each working individual and their style of leadership will determine the quality of groups they orchestrate to build organizational power, growth and success. New management styles tend to base their success on feedback from individuals bottom line performance.Management believes that everyone’s performance is important and should be aligned with the organization’s values, vision, and strategic priorities. The Employees View Today’s corporate world calls for effective and efficient working professionals that will go beyond their comfort zones to build good working interpersonal relationships at work that help all workers understand their role and target goals that contributes to the strategic vision of the organization.Healthy interpersonal relationships in team members will enhance favorable working environments and keep morale strong as teamwork progress toward one common goal. The culture of an organization is a very important and powerful element when that shapes working relationships, work enjoyment, and teamwork progress. Not every working individual has the psychological make-up that enhances the workplace and makes way for an enjoyable teamwork environment. Some employee’s feel that working in a team group causes blurred vision between the self and others which causes a mixture of anxiety and false self.Working in close-knit work relationships can be positive or negative depending on the culture of the organization and how management governs the project or goal at hand. Each individual adopts a role on behalf of the working group which functions as a team looking to achieve one common goal. If a certain team member is not using his or hers interpersonal relationship skills, then the goal of the team can be hindered and unprogressive, leaving a negative impact on the team’s functionality and creativity.Several issues emerged as a result of the employee’s lack of fulfillment in the teamwork environment. Employees who are not prone to building interpersonal relationships can assume a particularly negative team role, or scapegoat role, where the team member can take on the entire responsibility or guilt of the working group if they chose not to produce as required by the working group and management. You read "Group Behavior in the Workplace" in category "Papers" Interpersonal relationships are very important when it comes to teamwork and effective production levels within the organization.Management should be aware of certain individuals that do not possess the interpersonal or relational skills it takes to be a good and effective team member. Team building events can be very effective when it comes to helping individuals achieve certain career goals and team building skills. Each individual brings diversity and creativity to the total work group, and should therefore be treated fairly and carefully, to bring a positive outcome to all working groups that are looking to achieve a common product or goal. Developing Group NormsEach employer has an obligation to ensure all of his or her employees are working toward achieving a common goal. This is to include any and all of the relationally challenged individuals in workplace. Some of these employees may not already be recognized as interpersonally challenged workers, and may need a personal asse ssment performed to calculate the degree of his or hers developmental needs. As the culture of the organization is important for productivity, the development of group norms should also be at the top of management’s organizational goals.Successful communication between managers and employees can be critical components of group interaction and functioning. Some steps that an organization can take to adopt group norms can be very effective in managing group efforts that will produce one common goal. First, a session or team building event should be scheduled for all group members to attend. This should be fun, exciting, motivating and positive in order for each individual to learn their particular roles and effectiveness they will bring to the common production goal at hand.Once this team building session is scheduled and established, the facilitator builds on each team member’s creativity and abilities to begin a common working environment for all to build reliance, trust and self-confidence. A brainstorming session is vital to this team building process. This allows each individual to bring their personal thought processes and skills to the table of production. The more ideals generated the better. Recording these ideas on a large white flip chart or white board where everyone can see, will build upon the common goal management has tasked the working group with.Ensuring positive and effective communication and keeping commitments are very essential to teamwork efforts. Each member of the group is committed to living the guidelines that is set in motion. The team should commit to confiding in each other if they think a group member is in violation of the agreed upon â€Å"group norm†. A list of all group norms should be distributed to each team member and posted in a common area like the team’s meeting room. These group norms that were established should be periodically reevaluated and implemented to ensure the effectiveness of the groups common goals and achievements.Keeping management updated and informed of the groups progress can be a big plus to each individual as evaluation time rolls around to show the team members how effective and productive they were in achieving the common goal that was tasked as a group effort. Conclusion Today, the major task within the working groups is communication and team building sessions that will bring everyone together to build interpersonal relationship skills with other coworkers, to show each individual the importance and effectiveness of working together as a team. One of the ost important things to remember when it comes to team development and team building is to consider that effective teams are developing organisms. Each team goes through stages of development the same way plants and animals do. The Wheelen’s Integrated Model of group development describes the evolution the group evolves through. The model shows the groups progression from immaturity to maturity in four stages. The first stage is modeled after a toddler or young child. These newly created members of the working team are insecure and unsure of themselves, the group and its structure.This new group will need instruction, guidance and direction to establish a routine that will help each member gain security and stability in their individual roles that will enable them to move toward their next stage. The groups’ second stage is similar to middle school. These easy to recognize issues are prone to rear its ugly head. Lots of disagreements; subgroups and cliques emerge where some of the members will show discontent and resentment toward the leader. This makes the leader frustrated with the group of workers since no matter what he or she tries to do, will always add up to â€Å"wrong†. Stage two can be compared to teen years. For leadership or management, this stage is critical in the team building adventure. This is the time to give each member the opportunity to take on a larger role, and not the time to relinquish authority or rewrite the script on power. As the group matures into stage three, it will soon learn what it takes to accomplish the group’s task at hand. At stage three, each working individual will have to give equal weight to what and how they will work within the group’s efforts. This stage allows for individuals to fine-tune their roles and form positive partnerships and coalitions.Each member masters this part of the stage and the group can now move effortlessly into stage four. It is great to see working groups progress into stage four. They are focused on the process it takes to carry out the work. This stage characterizes the independence of the leader and trickles down to each individual that is working toward the goal of completion. The team learns delegation skills from the leader and this relationship now resembles that of the adult-child or older parent relationship. The leader is dedicated and consulted as needed, for clarification and feedback that results in the final decision of the group.As working groups learn what it takes to work together effectively, this integrated model of group development will help organizations to achieve effective teams that are armed with knowledge, interpersonal skills, individual creativity that allows everyone to work together. Working as a team will help build effective products and services that will show a quality that cannot be produced by one person, but built upon by an effective group of individuals who lear ned how to come together to achieve one common organizational goal. Works Cited†Group Behavior and Psychoanalysis. Changing Minds and Persuasion — How We Change What Others Think, Believe, Feel and Do. Syque 2002-2010. Web. 08 Dec. 2010. http://changingminds.org/disciplines/psychoanalysis/articles/group_psychoanalysis. htm. How to cite Group Behavior in the Workplace, Papers

Operating Through Permanent Establishment †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Operating Through Permanent Establishment? Answer: Introduction The report is being prepared in order to analyze the different aspects of tax associated with the starting of the new business plan and the tax obligations that may arise in regard to different operations during the business and also the tax liabilities that may arise after the sale of subsidiary and the refinancing plan of the business. Different operations of the business leads to different kinds of tax obligations which are to be discharged accordingly. Detailed research As per the provision of subsection 6(1) of the income tax assessment act 1936, the permanent establishment is the place from where a person is carrying on activity that is related to the business or is engaged in business activities. As per taxation ruling 2002/5 of Australian taxation office, the permanent establishment will also include place in which business is carried by way of agent, a place where equipments are being installed and engaging in construction business etc. As per the ruling, there should be both geographical permanence and temporal permanence. Thus a business is said to have temporal permanence if it is continued for 6 months or more. (ATO, 2002) Hence Taite and Aramis are planning to carry on business for more than 6 months thus it will be considered that they are operating through permanent establishment. The income generated from the permanent establishment will be liable to Australian taxation and accordingly all the liabilities of Australian income tax will be paid. The assets that are the part of the permanent establishment will also be liable for the capital gain tax in Australia at the time of sale of asset. (ATO, 1987) Case law: Applegate v. FCT78 ATC 4054 at 4060; (1978) 8 ATR 372 Deductibility of interest expenses As per the provisions of section 8(1) of the income tax assessment act 1997, interest is deductible if the interest is paid on funds which are used for the purpose of business. As per the taxation ruling, TR 95/25, the refinancing principle says that the interest paid on the amount that is borrowed for the repayment of money which is used for the purpose of business or profession will be eligible for deduction as business expense. But the interest expense will be deductible only if it is used for the purpose of the business or profession. Thus the taxable entities which are the resident of Australia will be eligible to deduct the interest incurred prior to business expense and interest incurred during the business operations also the interest expense incurred after sale of business will also be deductible as it will lead to assessable income in the future period. Thus the interest after planned repurchase will also be deductible as it is being done as a part of the business. (ATO, 19 95) Case law: 12/9595 ATC 175;AAT Case 10,079(1995) 30 ATR 1169. Deductibility of expected losses after repurchase As per the provision of Australian taxation office, the expected losses that will be incurred after the repurchase will be eligible to be set off against the income that will be received in the future period when the subsidiary is repurchased and income will be derived by way of business operations of the subsidiary. As per taxation ruling 2014/15, the expected losses will be carried forward for the years till the subsidiary are repurchased and hence the business income which will be received by way of subdivision will be eligible for set off against the income. (ATS, 2017) CGT on sale of subsidiary As per the provisions of section 104.1 of the income tax assessment act 1997, capital gain tax is liable to be paid on sale of capital gain tax assets. The capital gain tax needs to be paid on the excess of sale proceeds over the cost of acquisition of the asset. As per the provision of section 118.25 of the income tax assessment act 1997, the capital gain tax made on sale of the trading stock is not taken into consideration. As the trading stock does not constitute the part of capital gain tax asset. The capital gain will also be disregarded if the capital gain tax asset is now being hold as the trading stock as the trading stock does not tend to be a part of the capital gain tax asset. (AustLII, 2017) Thus in the above case assesses will not be exempted from the capital gain tax obligations in regard to the land which is being considered as the trading stock in the event of sale of subsidiary. The sale of subsidiary catches various types of capital gain tax event. But in the event of sale of business, there is non-existence of business hence there is no trading stock in the business. Thus in this case land will be considered as the capital gain tax asset and it will not be considered as the trading stock and hence capital gain tax will be liable to be paid on sale of land after sale of subsidiary. Business risk and risk management strategies The different types of risk that are being associated with the plan are as follows: There is the strategic risk that there may be inflation or deflation which may lead to decrease in the land thereby leading to losses. The new legislative rules may come in regard to the land development business which may lead to complications in the future period. The financial risk may arise as the consumers may be less interested in investing in land and buildings. The company may lose its market position by not supplying the services and products. The company may suffer from the operational risk due to failure of the internal operations and the lack of proper working of the person working inside the organization. (Andrew Blackman, 2014) The different types of risk management strategies are as follows: The market situation needs to be analyzed continuously in order to understand the market risk. The company management needs to keep close eye on the regular operations of the business in order to ensure that adequate quality of services is being maintained in the business. A well planned internal control system should be introduced in the organization in order to increase the effectiveness of the working of the organization. The management of the company needs to take regular check on the interest rates in order to reduce the financial risk. (Dana Driffin, 20xx) Conclusion The business plan needs to be executed with proper care so that the tax obligations can be discharged. Taite and Aramis would be operating through the permanent establishment and thus the permanent establishment will be liable to Australian taxation and hence income will be chargeable to Australian taxation. The permanent establishment will thus become a taxable entity thus they will be eligible for the deduction of the interest that is being paid on the amount of funds that are to be borrowed for the business. The sale of subsidiary will also attract various types of capital gain tax obligations and hence they will be liable to pay off the capital gain tax accordingly. The sale of land after sale of subsidiary will also attract the capital gain tax obligations. The new business plan may also suffer from various business risk and they need to be evaluated accordingly in order to take the steps accordingly in order to reduce the different type of business risk. References Australian Taxation Office, 2002, TR 2002/5 Permanent Establishment What is 'a place at or through which [a] person carries on any business' in the definition of permanent establishment in subsection 6(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936?; Available at: https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?DocID=TXR/TR20025/NAT/ATO/00001 Australian Taxation Office, 1987, Taxation Ruling IT 2423 Withholding Tax: Whether rental income constitutes proceeds of business- permanent estalishment- deduction of interest; Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/document?DocID=ITR/IT2423/NAT/ATO/00001 Joe Harpaz, 2016, Permanent Establishment becomes tax authorities weapon of choice in attack on corporates; Available at: https://blogs.thomsonreuters.com/answerson/permanent-establishment-becomes-tax-authorities-weapon-choice-attack-corporates/ ATS, 2017, Tax Considerations For Australian Expatriates; Available at: https://www.smats.net/Tax/Expats.aspx Oliver Jankowsky, Anthony Bradica, Frank Hinoporos, 2016, A Guide to Taxation in Australia; Available at: https://hallandwilcox.com.au/a-guide-to-taxation-in-australia/ Australian Taxation Office, 2016, Tax on Income and capital gains; Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/International-tax-for-business/Foreign-residents-doing-business-in-Australia/Tax-on-income-and-capital-gains/ Australian Taxation Office, 1995, Deductions for interest under section 8-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 following FC of T v. Roberts; FC of T v. Smith; Available at: https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?docid=TXR/TR9525/nat/ato/00001 Australian Taxation Office, 2016, Interest, Dividend and other investment income deductions; Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/Individuals/Income-and-deductions/Deductions-you-can-claim/Interest,-dividend-and-other-investment-income-deductions/ Australian Taxation Office, 2015, CR 2015/14 Off Market share buy-back: Thinksmart Limited; Available at: https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?docid=CLR/CR201514/NAT/ATO/00001 Australian Taxation Office, 2016, CR 2016/72 Telstra Corporation Limited: Off-market share buy-back; Available at: https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?docid=%22CLR%2FCR201672%2FNAT%2FATO%2F00001%22 AustLII, 2017, ITAA 1997- Section 118.25 Trading Stock; Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/itaa1997240/s118.25.html ITAA 1936, 2017, Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/itaa1936240/ Australian Taxation Office, 2015, 18 Capital Gains 2015; Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/Individuals/Tax-return/2015/Supplementary-tax-return/Income-questions-13-24/18-Capital-gains/ Australian Taxation Office, 2017, CGT Assets and Exemptions; Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Capital-gains-tax/CGT-assets-and-exemptions/ Andrew Blackman, 2014, The main types of Business Risk; Available at: https://business.tutsplus.com/tutorials/the-main-types-of-business-risk--cms-22693 Dana Griffin, 20xx, Types of Business Risk; Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/types-business-risk-99.html

Mannerism and the Baroque age Essay Example For Students

Mannerism and the Baroque age Essay Mannerism, which literally means style, was a period in European art that began in Italy in the final years of the Renaissance and lasted until it was replaced by Baroque, about 1520 to 1600. During this time, young artists were trying to establish their own style, with a new approach to painting and interpretation of the human experience. They had their difficulties as it were. Virtually everything that could be done, had been done. The artists of the Renaissance, masters such as Raphael and Michelangelo, studied the human form and nature for inspiration. Their art was balanced and harmonious. The proportions of their subjects were authentic and their art was often religious in nature. Mannerist, however, often painted their subjects with disproportionate features, such as elongated necks and limbs. Open spaces were filled with objects or fugues that were often unnecessary. Subjects poses were often difficult, if not impossible, for a real human to achieve, colors clashed, and themes were often grim and menacing, reflecting the upheaval of Europe at this time. During the 16th century, Rome was sacked, ending the Italian Renaissance, the Catholic Church was losing ground during the Protestant Reformation, the Eighty-years War surged in the Netherlands and Spain, and the Plague killed millions across Europe and Asia. Many felt the disproportionate tone of Mannerism was a rejection of the balance of the High Renaissance and the idealism it represented (Smyth). Baroque style originated in the late 16th century and included art, music and architecture. Originally meaning rough pearl, Baroque is now used to mean elaborate or dramatic. At the time, it was intended to arouse strong emotion in TTS observers. During the Council of Trend (1545-1563), the Catholic Church decided that artists should render their religious works to inform the illiterate, rather than the knowledgeable. They ordered that the message should be direct and that it should evoke strong emotions for the viewer, clearly challenging the Protestant Reformation and giving the Catholic Church back their image of grandeur and prestige. In painting, Baroques realism was a response to the fantasy of Mannerism and the focus shifted back again from the artist to the subject. Baroque artists employed a ore balanced technique, richer colors, more elaborate settings, and a clearer message. They presented their art at the climax of the action, each piece telling a story, typically using all available space. Mannerist art lacked a story and was focused on the virtuosity of the artist. It was witty and exaggerated. Mannerist artists appealed to the intelligence and humor of art patrons, rejecting the stiffness and formality of the Renaissance. Baroque artists attempted to engage the more emotional and realistic aspects of life in their work, returning to the beauty of the Renaissance, without the constraint and formality during the Baroque age, the world was on a course of discovery that would lead men to understand life and our place in the universe more than ever before. Sir Isaac Newton discovered the laws to gravity, Galileo observed celestial existence using the first telescopes, and physicians and scientists made huge strides in understanding the workings of the human body. Artists melodramatic use of lighting and space in their paintings reflected this age of discovery and experimentation. (Schaller) In the Mannerist Bronzers Deposition of Christ (1540-1545), Chrisms body is held by the Virgin Mary and supported by SST. John the Evangelist and Mary Magdalene. They are surrounded by onlookers while busy cherubs fill the air. The colors are bright pastels and the lighting is undefined. The fingers and toes of each subject are elongated, as is the neck of Mary Magdalene, and the faces reflect a rather neutral emotional state. Their positioning is graceful, yet unnatural. The individuals in the background appear detached and disinterested in the death of Christ. Art in the Baroque Period EssayOn observation, one can appreciate the talent of the artist and is reminded of the sacrifice of Jesus at Calvary, but the feelings of grief and personal loss are absent as the painting takes on more of a decorative tone Rueben Baroque work, The Descent from the Cross (1612-1614), depicts Chrisms body being removed from the cross by eight individuals including, the Virgin Mary, Joseph of Reanimate, SST. John, and Mary Magdalene. The colors used are deep and rich. The action fills the entire space of the painting and the movements and positions of the subjects appear natural and fitting. The dark, late tone of the setting is illuminated by divine light as it traverses the gloomy, overcast sky. Rueben proportions are true and one can feel the grief of the participants as they lower their deceased Lord. The horror of the moment is evident. In Baroque art, the observer is engaged with the work and can feel part of the action (Hunt) Mannerist and Baroque styles emerged from the age of the Renaissance as the world, tired of its idealistic images, sought for more authentic and creative portrayals of life and existence. As the art world shifted from the stiff and idealistic Renaissance to the emotional Baroque period, the unlikely bridge was the Mannerist style. In both The Descent from the Cross and Deposition of Christ, the artists depicted the death of Christ as a human tragedy. Although Bronzers painting lacks the emotion and suffering of Rueben painting, the observer of either work is forced to consider the agony of the Virgin Mary as she holds the body of Jesus. The coloring of Chrisms flesh in both works is consistent with death and we can begin to understand the magnitude of the sacrifice that was made for the salvation of mankind. This transition to realism made the impact of art personal to all who viewed it as art patrons were no longer Just wealthy aristocrats, but common citizens, as well. Artificial perfection and static imagery gave way to fluid movement, disharmony, emotion, and a sense of infinity. As much as Mannerist art and Baroque art differed, they were both responsible for ushering out the conventional rigidity and classicism of the Renaissance and allowing artists to depict the human condition in a more emotional and authentic manner. Even if Mannerism was too quirky to endure, it allowed the world to demand art that everyone could identify with and enjoy. (Baroque) Baroque. (n. D. ). Retrieved from academics. Smart. Due/rebel/Survey of Art History II/Baroque. HTML web. 5 Deck 2013 Hunt, Martin, Rosenstein, and Smith . The Making of the West (third De. ). Boston: Bedford/ SST. Martins. 2010 Print Smyth, Craig Hugh. 1992. Mannerism and Mariner, with an introduction by Elizabeth Cropper. Vienna Web. 5 Deck 2013 Schaller, G. Iconography of Christian Art, Volvo. II, 1972 (English trans from German), Lund Humphreys, London, 2012 Print.